In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, there has been an increase in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The institution of lockdowns and consequent alcohol misuse has been associated with economic challenges and worsening psychosocial conditions. Stress-inducing changes in interpersonal, financial, and broader social dynamics have resulted in increased reports of depression, interpersonal abuse, aggressive behaviours, anxiety, and even suicidality, leading those affected to more frequent and more heavy alcohol use as a coping mechanism. This review focused on trends of alcohol use during the pandemic in Grenada, and it also explored the economic and psychosocial factors that contributed to adverse outcomes of alcohol use. In response to the destructive coping strategies associated with deteriorating mental health, the paper also proposed vigorous policy changes to mitigate the ongoing misuse of alcohol, particularly during future crises. Library databases, webpages of various governments and international agencies, and peer-reviewed journal sources were searched for data on global alcohol consumption during the 2020-2021 COVID-19 lockdown periods, focusing on Grenada. A total of 64 sources published between 1979-2021 were included based on their relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of building resilient public health systems and addressing public health concerns such as excessive alcohol consumption.

Moroccan business leaders are increasingly concerned about the phenomenon of declining commercial activity, confirmed by the economic barometers published by the General Confederation of Moroccan Enterprises (CGEM) during the last four years (2015-2018), and the direct causes that might be linked to unfair competition, payment delays problem, unpaid debts and finally the widespread of a heavy informal sector. Through this article, we are going to focus on the relationship that may exist between the components of an internal control system setup in a sales function and its performance. In other words, we are looking to explain the decreasing performance of the sales function using the evaluation of the internal control system deployed there. To do this, we will present in the first part, the theoretical foundations of the internal control system and socio-economic performance. Then, we will analyze the points of connection and influence to finally develop some hypotheses, which will be the subject of an empirical study based on of one hundred and sixty-one Moroccan companies. The results of our work provide an answer on the degree of influence of internal control system components of the commercial function on its socio-economic performance and more precisely on its commercial performance.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, all activities are carried out online. One of them is the provision of information on Family Planning and Reproductive Health which must be provided to supervise family planning acceptors so that they do not experience discontinuation of contraceptive use. This study aimed to evaluate the provision of information on Family Planning and Reproductive Health provided online to the public. This study used a One-Shot Case Study design. The intervention given was the provision of contraceptive information through the WhatsApp group. The research sample was married women aged 15-49 years who used the pill and injection contraception in Lebak District. The number of samples in this study was 94 respondents. In this study, about 11% of married women stated that they had difficulty accessing contraceptive services during the COVID-19 pandemic. After being given information on Family Planning and Reproductive Health through WhatsApp groups, 66% of respondents stated that the intervention provided increased knowledge about contraception, 18% complained about the use of quotas, 6.4% stated that they could not understand because they were used to face-to-face. This study also explored information about suggestions for contraceptive service programs, namely 14.9% expects services and providing information on Family Planning and Reproductive Health to be carried out face-to-face and 12.8% recommended free contraceptive services. Conclusion. Providing information on Family Planning and Reproductive Health online is an alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, during contraceptive services, health workers still directly provide information as needed. Information on payment for contraceptive services using health social security agency must be provided to acceptors and contraceptive service activities funded by the national family planning coordinating board must also be informed to increase the coverage of contraceptive use.

This study aimed to determine the entrepreneurial strategy of village housewives in the Donggala district from the perspective of Islamic economics. The research was conducted using qualitative methods, and data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews with several housewives who are entrepreneurial. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The results showed that the entrepreneurial strategy carried out by housewives in Donggala Regency was by changing the menu and adding products according to the wishes and needs of buyers. The products price prioritizes the social aspect, namely by not taking much profit. Places, where products are sold, are marketed directly to buyers, such as selling in front of the house or to markets close to the local community. However, some products are also sold indirectly, namely by entrusting their products to kiosks. Meanwhile, promotion is done by selling directly and through social media (Facebook). Judging from the Islamic economy, the entrepreneurial strategy carried out by housewives is more focused on trading with Islamic ethics that is halal and beneficial and does not make much profit. Entrepreneurial mothers also always keep their business premises clean and promote products that can be accounted for. The entrepreneurial strategy of housewives is also carried out by paying attention to the nature of shiddiq or being honest in trading by not increasing or decreasing the size of the product. Then the women traders also behave in a trustworthy manner in serving buyers and fathanah with mutual respect between family members, employees, and buyers. Submission of information about the product is also carried out with tabligh or product promotion carried out honestly and correctly.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of corporate governance on financial distress of listed firms at Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) using panel data from 2015 to 2019. Specifically, the study focusses on: The effect of board size on financial distress of listed firms at GSE, the effect of board gender diversity on financial distress of listed firms at GSE, the effect of ownership concentration on financial distress of listed firms at GSE and the effect of number of non-executives on financial distress of listed firms at GSE. OLS Regression Model has been conducted using EVIEWS 11. The data has been validated using normality, multicollinearity and Heteroscedascity test as recommended by previous research due to their robustness. The study found that 15.5% variability in financial distress of listed companies is explained by corporate governance practices of the listed companies. This result suggests that a unit change in corporate governance practices will bring about 12.5% changes in financial distress management. The study found that board size was significant determinant of financial distress. Again, the study further found that board diversity was significant determinant of financial distress. Moreover, the study found that managerial experience of the board was significant determinant of financial distress. However, non-executive and capital structure was not determinants of financial distress. The study concludes that corporate governance exerted significant influence on financial distress of listed firms at Ghana Stock Exchange. The study recommends that selected firms at GSE must develop and formulate good policies to help regulate and manage board members so that the decision-making process of the firm can be facilitated to achieve firm goals and objectives while maintaining financial stability.

Education is considered as the foundation upon which the entire edifice of the moral culture of an individual is to be constructed. Education should aim at producing this complete man or whole man with a harmonious all round development of personality i. e. physical, mental, social, moral and spiritual. Education in ancient India aimed at producing this whole man. At a later period, the Buddhist and Jain philosophy of education also insisted on morality, non-violence, self-control, austerity, sacrifice and service to the humanity. In spite of merciless and extensive destruction during the medieval age, Hindu educational institutions remained a living reality. At a much later period there developed the Namaghar in Assam and Bhagvat Tungi in Odisha which became the centers of mass education in their respective states. However, the system of education introduced by Macaulay in 1835 aimed at producing a volume of loyal white collar Indian employees for British administration. This led to the complete devastation of Indian values in the education system of India. This paper discusses about the degradation of values in the education system of India and suggests measures to work for the implementation of value education in the schools of India.

The Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) is an effort of the government and BPJS Kesehatan to carry out health care for BPJS Kesehatan participants who suffer from chronic diseases to achieve optimal quality of life with health care costs effective and efficient. Primary Level Health Facilities (PLHF) such as Puskesmas, Family Doctors, and primary care clinics that have collaborated with BPJS Kesehatan are obliged to implement Prolanis. This study aims to determine the relationship between enabling factors and need factors on the use of Prolanis. This research is a type of analytic survey research with a cross sectional approach which is carried out in several PLHFs, namely; Gentungan Health Center, Manuju Health Center and Tinggi Moncong Health Center. The population in this study were participants in the prolanis activities at the PLHF. The number of samples in this study were 107 people. The results of this study indicate that the factors that influence the use of prolanis in PLHF are; Educational history (0.001), income (0.029), BPJS Kesehatan membership class (0.019), role of health workers (0.001) and timeliness of implementation of prolanis activities (0.048). Factors that do not affect the use of prolanis in PLHF are; Gender (0.369), Age (0.169), Occupation (0.103), Distance from house to PLHF (0.353), Family support (0.413), Knowledge (0.145), Need for prolanis (0.400) and disease control (0.315)

Quality medical care connotes a medical service with inherent ability to meet desired health outcome. Quality medical care is of concern to everyone. This is because it is important to human welfare and efficiency. The situation in Nigeria’s hospitals as depicted in literature and observed by many is worrying. The quality of medical care services available in the Federal Medical Centres (FMCs) in Nigeria is worrisome and of concern to everyone. Empirical evidences in literature have shown that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skill has positive impact on several professional output including medical service. It is believed that ICT proficiency of medical practitioners could contribute to a higher quality of medical care services. This study therefore examined the influence of ICT skill on the quality of medical care in FMC Owo, Nigeria. Method: The study is based on post-positivist epistemology. Quantitative research method and survey research design were adopted. Out of the 95 population of medical doctors, a total of 76 of them, obtained through Krejcie and Morgan sample size table, were surveyed using convenience sampling technique. The doctors were surveyed using a five scale Likert-like adapted structured questionnaire research instrument and a 95% return rate was achieved. Results: The study found that ICT skill positively and significantly influenced quality of medical care with a P value of 0.000 (p<0.05) in FMC Owo, Nigeria. This shows that there is a positive and significant influence of ICT skill on quality medical care. The quality of medical care in the hospital is good with an overall mean of 3.35 on the scale while the level of ICT skill among doctors is high with an overall mean of 3.84. Conclusion: The study concluded that ICT skill has positive and significant influence on quality of medical care. Therefore, there is need to sharpen the ICT skill of medical practitioners through government and institutional support towards sustaining and further improving the present medical care quality.

Health & Wellness Tourism and aims to plans to discover the principle effects of Coronavirus to the Wellbeing and Health the travel industry in Japan, and how the Japanese Wellbeing and Health The travel industry has figured out how to defeat the obstructions. With time elapsing, and understanding that the infection didnt vanish, society began to live with it. Social separating rules, better ventilation frameworks and required veil wearing began to be the new-typical. Particularly, in exercises like Japanese underground aquifer (Onsen), the utilization of Onsens by the Japanese is an extremely exceptional social and social peculiarity on the planets Onsen culture. Be that as it may, because of the Covid19 pandemic emission, the Japanese onsens industry, which has been on the decrease for a long time, is being impacted more. What Japanese government have comes up is to re-began their organizations work, restricting the quantity of clients to try not to spread the contamination. As more offices shut with an enormous shortfall, the Japanese government concocted an arrangement called Go to Travel. This mission is tied in with getting up to half of the installment in the event that we reserve a spot for a home grown outing to Japan during the mission time frame through travel services and travel sites. That way it could help the wellbeing and health the travel industry to rise once more, and not impacted by the pandemic.

The representing learning makes specialty of knowledge graph and it indicates the difference between different entities. The knowledge graph representing with the low-dimensional space. In fact, most of the method usually concern of description of entity which is hard for existing strategies to take benefit of. Here, we recommend a new representing learning method with knowledge graphs that uses entity description. We evaluate our method on two tasks like knowledge graph and entity classification. Experimental effects on actual-world datasets show that our version plays higher than different baseline fashions, especially under the zero-short setting, which indicate that our technique for novel the entity description

The representing learning makes specialty of knowledge graph and it indicates the difference between different entities. The knowledge graph representing with the low-dimensional space. In fact, most of the method usually concern of description of entity which is hard for existing strategies to take benefit of. Here, we recommend a new representing learning method with knowledge graphs that uses entity description. We evaluate our method on two tasks like knowledge graph and entity classification. Experimental effects on actual-world datasets show that our version plays higher than different baseline fashions, especially under the zero-short setting, which indicate that our technique for novel the entity description.

Nowadays, with the current COVID-19 pandemic, education is done in the medium of online platforms compared to the typical on-site learning. As a result, this could be a drastic change in learning environments for many. A key component for learning is motivation, which could be correlated with the happiness students experience while learning. This study aims to compare different levels of happiness and motivation to learn between online and onsite settings and to find the correlation between happiness and motivation of students while learning. The data of this study was collected through an online survey, with the participant’s consent. The participants were students aged between 14-19, who have both experienced on-site learning and online learning. Participants answered 5-Likert scaled statements regarding happiness and motivation while learning in different settings. Additionally, statements regarding motivation were developed on the basis of the principle basic psychological needs which consists of three components: Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness. The survey received 253 responses in which the data, the mean, p-value (t-test), and the correlation value were calculated. Analysis of data showed that the mean scores of happiness and motivation of students while learning on-site were statistically higher than those of learning online at the significance level of 95%. Furthermore, the results illustrated that there was a high level of correlation of happiness and motivation to learn in both learning environments.

The pandemic has challenged the educational system to alter the delivery of instruction from the traditional face-to-face into distant learning, modular and online. This sudden paradigm shift posited a lot of concerns particularly in the integration of technology in social studies curriculum. This review used the systematic literature review to analyze the empirical literature and the reading log (University of South Australia) to analyze the findings. The systematic literature is a rigorous approach in searching related literature, identifying publications to be included to undergo an iterative and transparent processes, analyze the data through a structured abstraction and a systematic approach (Gentles, S.J. et. al. 2016). This review found out that there is a limited literature in the integration of technology specific in social studies both internationally and in the Philippine context. Although there are some literature on technology integration in social studies, they failed to tackle the experiences and challenges by the teachers in technological integration in full online delivery of instruction specific in social studies teaching. Thus, it is recommended that researchers must explore other angles of technological integration in social studies such as the teacher’s perceptions of specific technologies used in the subject. Second, the experiences and challenges they encountered during the delivery of instruction amidst the crisis. Third, studies should also be conducted on the effect of technology integration to student outcomes. These studies will serve as the basis for the future planning, design, implementation, assessment, and modification of social studies curriculum to be more student centered, contextualized and inclusive with the use or aid of technologies.

Objective: To evaluate the association of new anthropometric indicators with glycemic control in overweight patients with type II diabetes. Methods: The sample consisted of 164 type II diabetic patients selected for convenience. Demographic, socioeconomic variables and time since diabetes diagnosis were collected using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference were taken. The Body Mass Index (BMI), BodyShape Index (ABSI), BodyShapeRoundness Index (BRI) and Body Adipose Index (BAI) indicators were calculated. The 12-hour fasting blood samples were collected by means of digital puncture by a trained professional. Patients were classified into two groups: controlled (= 130 mg/dL) and altered (> 130 mg/dL) glycemia. To evaluate models adjusted for glycemic control (dependent variable) and new indicators (independent variables), logistic regression was used. Results: There was a correlation of the new anthropometric indicators with the body mass index. It was observed that there were no differences in the means of BMI, WC and the new indicators (ABSI, BRI, IAC) between glycemic control status. The new anthropometric indicators were not associated with glycemic control in type II diabetics, only ABSI in women was associated with altered glycemia (OR=3.81; p=0.040). Conclusion: We conclude that the ABSI anthropometric method in women is associated with glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The study examines the effect of government policy on the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Anambra State. The study was anchored on the business growth theory. Descriptive survey design was adopted. The Population was 1,200 SME operators in Anambra State. The sample size of 300 SMEs was employed using Yamane’s formula. Questionnaire was the major instrument of data collection used in the study. Regression was used to analyse the formulated hypotheses in the study. The study discover that government credit policy granted, government tax policy and government licensing policy has a significant positive effect on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Onitsha North Local Government area, Anambra State. The study concludes that government policy has a positive significant effect on the growth of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises. The study recommends among others that government should reassess its various policies put in place to alleviate negative effect on credit policy on the growth of SMEs in Anambra State, Nigeria. Government should develop a system for tax payment so as to enhance efficiency in tax collection and payment.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical, mental, and social well-being of millions of people across the globe. This paper will discuss the impact of COVID-19 on preexisting and emerging mental health issues amongst various subgroups of the vulnerable population in Southeast Asia. Methods: Qualitative review of existing knowledge on mental health issues during COVID-19 pandemic among migrant laborers, women and adolescents. Conclusion: Given the profound impact of COVID -19 beyond physical health, policy makers, scientific communities and faith-based institutions should make every effort to turn the COVID-19 crisis into an opportunity by developing a strong and robust consensus that is based on building public trust in partnership to provide societal mental health, which is an unappreciated asset of a nation. We conclude that while there is considerable amount of work in the field of mental health has been done, many efforts are siloed, and do not consider the unique cultural characteristics involved. In addition to providing ventilators and acute care to COVID-19 affected patients at the hospitals, we need to design policies to allocate resources for the post-pandemic burden on our communities and develop multi-disciplinary approaches. We suggest that these approaches should become routine in healthcare settings and should be appropriate to the individual’s cultural context. We argue that the generation of robust data, scientific evidence, and multi-disciplinary resources-sharing are required that would necessitate to produce the interventions that are culturally specific and scalable.

The research objectives were to analyze: the effectiveness of static and dynamic stretching exercises for increasing flexibility; the effect of high and low muscle strength abilities on the flexibility of gymnastics athletes; and the interaction of the two types of exercise to increase flexibility in terms of muscle strength. The research method is a 2 x 2 factorial design experiment. The treatment is carried out for 18 times with 2 sets x 30s x 13 exercises, tr.ti: 90s: 2-3 minutes. The population as well as the sample, namely the rhythmic gymnastics athletes of Surakarta City, amounted to 20 people. The instruments used are back dynamometer and sit and reach. Two way ANOVA data analysis technique. The results showed that static stretching exercises had a better effect than dynamic stretching on flexibility in gymnastics athletes. Athletes with high muscle strength abilities were better than low muscle strength athletes with respect to flexibility. Static stretching is suitable for athletes with high muscle strength and dynamic stretching with low strength abilities.

This study aims to produce learning tools based on multiple intelligences (interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist intelligences) that are appropriate and effective to improve the social awareness character of fifth grade elementary school students. The learning tools that will be developed are in the form of products which include teachers manuals and student handbooks. The resulting product applies learning that contains 3 kinds of intelligence, the characters to be developed are social awareness, scientific approach, and student activity-oriented. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D), which uses the instructional development model from Dick & Carey. The product draft that is made is subject to content validation by experts to test the feasibility of the product. Furthermore, the draft was tested on a limited basis to small groups or individuals, after that a field trial with a wider scope was carried out and this trial was a test of the acceptance of the model and determined the feasibility and effectiveness of the product. This stage produces the final product in the form of a teacher manual and student handbook that is appropriate, practical and effective to increase social awareness of fifth grade elementary school students in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine the results of the evaluation of context, input, process, product implementation of adaptive physical education learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at Special Schools in Yogyakarta City. The results showed that the evaluation of the implementation of adaptive physical education learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at Special Schools in Yogyakarta City resulted in the poor category. Furthermore, each evaluation aspect is explained, namely. (1) The context of the evaluation of the implementation of adaptive physical education learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at Special Schools in Yogyakarta City was categorized as good. Indicators of learning materials and the formulation of objectives are 3.14 in the good category, organizing materials, media, and other learning resources are 2.78 in the good category, designing teaching and learning activities are 3.34 in the very good category, class management is 3.33 in the very good category, and an assessment of 3.35 in the very good category. (2) The input for the evaluation of the implementation of the evaluation of the implementation of adaptive physical education learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at Special Schools in Yogyakarta City was good. The indicator of the suitability of learning materials with KI KD is 3.29 in the good category and the characteristics of students are 2.41 in the less. (3) The process of evaluating the implementation of the evaluation of the implementation of adaptive physical education learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at Special Schools in Yogyakarta City resulted in the poor category. The learning activity indicator is 2.30 in the less category and the student activities are 1.86 in the less category. (4) Product evaluation of the evaluation program for the implementation of adaptive physical education learning during the Covid-19 pandemic at Special Schools in Yogyakarta City the results were in the less category. The indicator of achievement learning outcomes in Special Schools in Yogyakarta City is 1.83 in the less category.

This study aims to determine the effect of Swedish massage and sports massage on fatigue recovery in laborers or coolies. This study uses an experimental method with a "two group’s pre-test-post-test design" design. The population in this study were coolie workers or laborers who worked for 7-8 hours every day, totalling 22 people. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. Inclusion criteria for male research subjects with an age range of 25-30 years, heavy workers who use their muscles and energy to work. The instrument in this study used a job fatigue questionnaire in the form of a work fatigue questionnaire. Data analysis used t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that (1) there was an effect of Swedish massage on fatigue recovery in laborers or coolies. (2) There is an effect of sport massage on fatigue recovery in laborers or coolies, amounting to. (3) Sport massage is better than Swedish massage on fatigue recovery in laborers or coolies.

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of brand image and college brand trust towards student loyalty and student satisfaction as intervening variables. The number of respondents in this study is 360 students who will be taken as a sample. Then the analytical test used is the Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results of this study shows that the brand image and brand trust have the significance effect on loyalty. However, the brand image has no influence on the student satisfaction, and the following result also shows that the loyalty has not affected by satisfaction of student. Brand image and brand trust has no effect on loyalty through the satisfaction of student.

There are many different ways to learn English effectively, and joining English courses abroad is one of them. FPT University is implementing this method to improve students English ability, contributing to strengthening the internationalization and globalization of this international standard university. From the actual research at FPT University, this article mentions the great benefits of the method, including (1) Students have a favorable environment to practice using English, (2) Students learn to live independently , (3) Enhance the experience of student life, and (4) Besides English, students have many opportunities to learn about many other things. In addition, the five most common challenges related to this method of English improvement were also found to be (1) Program costs are high, (2) Lack of confidence in the ability to use English, (3) Participants must get out of their safe zone, (4) Participants must be away from loved ones for quite a long time, and (5) Participants may face safety risks. Since then, combined with the authors research, some suggestions have been made so that the programs quality is improved, more students can know and participate in the program.

Introduction: Customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness are key essential characteristics of good service delivery. Unacceptable delays in providing services and subsequent re-visits had created customer dissatisfaction with services provided by the Regional Director of Health Services’ Office, Kurunegala. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the current levels of customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of service provision to nursing officers at the Regional Director of Health Services’ Office, Kurunegala. Methods: Ten services offered to nursing officers from Establishment Branch were prioritized for the assessment. The research adopted mixed methods and involved a customer survey, a desk review, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Proportions, percentages and means were calculated for quantitative data and z test for percentages was applied as appropriate. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Narrative analysis was done for qualitative data. Results: Major deficiencies identified were non-availability of service standards, ineffective two-way communication and submitting incomplete documents by applicants. Compliance of nursing officers’ files with service standards was 40%. It was revealed that 56.6% of nursing officers had to revisit on average 2.4 times to receive the requested service. Only 11.5% of nursing officers were satisfied with the service provision. Suggested solutions include complying with developed service standards, establishing an effective feedback response system, developing document submission checklists, format compilations and a booklet on work steps. Conclusions: The customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of services to nursing officers at RDHSK was unsatisfactory. It is recommended to implement interventions to improve service delivery by the Establishment Branch of RDHSK for healthcare staff category-wise.

Introduction: Customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness are key essential characteristics of good service delivery. Unacceptable delays in providing services and subsequent re-visits had created customer dissatisfaction with services provided by the Regional Director of Health Services’ Office, Kurunegala. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the current levels of customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of service provision to nursing officers at the Regional Director of Health Services’ Office, Kurunegala. Methods: Ten services offered to nursing officers from Establishment Branch were prioritized for the assessment. The research adopted mixed methods and involved a customer survey, a desk review, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Proportions, percentages and means were calculated for quantitative data and z test for percentages was applied as appropriate. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Narrative analysis was done for qualitative data. Results: Major deficiencies identified were non-availability of service standards, ineffective two-way communication and submitting incomplete documents by applicants. Compliance of nursing officers’ files with service standards was 40%. It was revealed that 56.6% of nursing officers had to revisit on average 2.4 times to receive the requested service. Only 11.5% of nursing officers were satisfied with the service provision. Suggested solutions include complying with developed service standards, establishing an effective feedback response system, developing document submission checklists, format compilations and a booklet on work steps. Conclusions: The customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of services to nursing officers at RDHSK was unsatisfactory. It is recommended to implement interventions to improve service delivery by the Establishment Branch of RDHSK for healthcare staff category-wise.

Introduction: Customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness are key essential characteristics of good service delivery. Unacceptable delays in providing services and subsequent re-visits had created customer dissatisfaction with services provided by the Regional Director of Health Services’ Office, Kurunegala. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the current levels of customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of service provision to nursing officers at the Regional Director of Health Services’ Office, Kurunegala. Methods: Ten services offered to nursing officers from Establishment Branch were prioritized for the assessment. The research adopted mixed methods and involved a customer survey, a desk review, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Proportions, percentages and means were calculated for quantitative data and z test for percentages was applied as appropriate. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Narrative analysis was done for qualitative data. Results: Major deficiencies identified were non-availability of service standards, ineffective two-way communication and submitting incomplete documents by applicants. Compliance of nursing officers’ files with service standards was 40%. It was revealed that 56.6% of nursing officers had to revisit on average 2.4 times to receive the requested service. Only 11.5% of nursing officers were satisfied with the service provision. Suggested solutions include complying with developed service standards, establishing an effective feedback response system, developing document submission checklists, format compilations and a booklet on work steps. Conclusions: The customer satisfaction, efficiency and effectiveness of services to nursing officers at RDHSK was unsatisfactory. It is recommended to implement interventions to improve service delivery by the Establishment Branch of RDHSK for healthcare staff category-wise.

A brief analysis of the relationship between art and life through the presentation and development of traditional patterns on different utensils. In the four major sections of pottery, bronze ware, clothing and arts and crafts, relevant explanations are given on the application of traditional patterns. The diversity of traditional patterns starts from the level of cultural development, and plays a key role in the impact on peoples life development and the inheritance, promotion and integration of traditional culture. Through the study and understanding of patterns, we can discover the inclusiveness of art and people, art and culture.

In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to simultaneously describe the adoption of improved seed technology and the climate risk perception capacity of farmers facing production risks and incomplete information about the new technology. The adoption condition is derived from the assumptions of upstream climate risk perception and downstream farmer risk aversion, and assuming that uncertainty can arise from two sources: the randomness of climatic conditions and the uncertainty of future returns associated with the use of the new technology. We estimate a reduced form of this model through the Heckman selection probit using a sample of 545 plots distributed in the five regions of Togo. The estimation procedure is developed in two steps. In the first step, we estimate the first four moments of the benefit distribution and in the second step, we incorporate these estimated moments into the model of technology adoption and climate risk perception. We find that risk plays a central role in farmers decisions, first through the direct effect of its perception and second through sampling moments of the yield distribution in the adoption model.

Innovation is the process of making new changes in various fields of activity, as well as in the field of education and industry. The result of such changes is news. Any innovation is inevitable, which is formed in the logic of changes and development in society. The essence of innovation is to the tools and methods to achieve new results, obtain them, to overcome traditional or regular elements of traditional activities. The transition of enterprises and organizations of the national economy (including the education) has further strengthened these all conflicts, but the most painful situation is the need to restore the minds of these employees.

In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to simultaneously describe the adoption of improved seed technology and the climate risk perception capacity of farmers facing production risks and incomplete information about the new technology. The adoption condition is derived from the assumptions of upstream climate risk perception and downstream farmer risk aversion, and assuming that uncertainty can arise from two sources: the randomness of climatic conditions and the uncertainty of future returns associated with the use of the new technology. We estimate a reduced form of this model through the Heckman selection probit using a sample of 545 plots distributed in the five regions of Togo. The estimation procedure is developed in two steps. In the first step, we estimate the first four moments of the benefit distribution and in the second step, we incorporate these estimated moments into the model of technology adoption and climate risk perception. We find that risk plays a central role in farmers decisions, first through the direct effect of its perception and second through sampling moments of the yield distribution in the adoption model.

The pandemic outbreak of noval corona virus disease (covid19) was initially noticed in a seafood market in wuhan city in china in mid-December, 2019, has spreaded to 215 countries worldwide. 2020 january7th and was temporally named 2019 n- co.v Corona virus belongs to a large family of virus that causes illness ranging from the common cold to more severe disease, A noval corona virus is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans on January 30th 2020 declared the noval corona virus outbreak of public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). At that time there was 98 cases and no death in 18 countries outside china. The official name covid-19 and SARS –COV2 was issued by the WHO on 11th February 2020 Viruses are named based on their genetic structure to facilitate the development of diagnostic test, Vaccine and medium. Virologist and the wider scientific committee do this work, so virus is are named by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. A recent review of the survival of human corona virus on surface found large variability ranging from 2 hours to 9 days. The survival time depends on number of factors, including the type of surface, temperature, relative humidity and specific strain of viruses. March 11th 2020, the rapid increase in the number of cases outside china. 118000 cases had been reported in 114 countries and 4291 deaths had been reported. Middle of the March 2020 corona out break could be characterized by “Pandemic” reporting over 40108 globally confirmed cases. As of 28th April 2020, 63% of global mortality from the virus. The impact of the dieses on the world has been staggering both from public health and economic perspective. We evaluated whether prior or active corona virus infection influenced hematological, Biochemical and Clinical parameters of the such patients. But active corona fever resulted in higher hospitalization rate. Our data support the nation that SARS- COV-2 and co morbidity weather affects an important percentage of covid 19 pateints and leads to worse parameters, requiring greater attention from health authorities.

The pandemic outbreak of noval corona virus disease (covid19) was initially noticed in a seafood market in wuhan city in china in mid-December, 2019, has spreaded to 215 countries worldwide. 2020 january7th and was temporally named 2019 n- co.v Corona virus belongs to a large family of virus that causes illness ranging from the common cold to more severe disease, A noval corona virus is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans on January 30th 2020 declared the noval corona virus outbreak of public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). At that time there was 98 cases and no death in 18 countries outside china. The official name covid-19 and SARS –COV2 was issued by the WHO on 11th February 2020 Viruses are named based on their genetic structure to facilitate the development of diagnostic test, Vaccine and medium. Virologist and the wider scientific committee do this work, so virus is are named by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. A recent review of the survival of human corona virus on surface found large variability ranging from 2 hours to 9 days. The survival time depends on number of factors, including the type of surface, temperature, relative humidity and specific strain of viruses. March 11th 2020, the rapid increase in the number of cases outside china. 118000 cases had been reported in 114 countries and 4291 deaths had been reported. Middle of the March 2020 corona out break could be characterized by “Pandemic” reporting over 40108 globally confirmed cases. As of 28th April 2020, 63% of global mortality from the virus. The impact of the dieses on the world has been staggering both from public health and economic perspective. We evaluated whether prior or active corona virus infection influenced hematological, Biochemical and Clinical parameters of the such patients. But active corona fever resulted in higher hospitalization rate. Our data support the nation that SARS- COV-2 and co morbidity weather affects an important percentage of covid 19 pateints and leads to worse parameters, requiring greater attention from health authorities.

In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to simultaneously describe the adoption of improved seed technology and the climate risk perception capacity of farmers facing production risks and incomplete information about the new technology. The adoption condition is derived from the assumptions of upstream climate risk perception and downstream farmer risk aversion, and assuming that uncertainty can arise from two sources: the randomness of climatic conditions and the uncertainty of future returns associated with the use of the new technology. We estimate a reduced form of this model through the Heckman selection probit using a sample of 545 plots distributed in the five regions of Togo. The estimation procedure is developed in two steps. In the first step, we estimate the first four moments of the benefit distribution and in the second step, we incorporate these estimated moments into the model of technology adoption and climate risk perception. We find that risk plays a central role in farmers decisions, first through the direct effect of its perception and second through sampling moments of the yield distribution in the adoption model.

This research was conducted in elementary school Lab. School FIP-UMJ, South Tangerang. Indonesia. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. The number of respondent studies was 25 students who actively participated in extracurricular activities through the internalization of the habit of reading the Koran. The results showed that the student’s character was very good after they mastered the reading of the Koran well, had good attitudes and character. The attitude of the students that is formed is that they are aware to carry out worship because it is God’s command. Spontaneous activities are in the form of giving warnings to students who make mistakes by advising and asking children to apologize. Therefore, as an effort to find a standard and ideal strategy in internalizing religious values in character building so that all attitudes a behavior of students are in accordance with the values of religious character, and thirdly, environmental based, student activities where students have a grand Taksmi program, activities that involving parents and guardians. The family is the first and foremost place for children’s growth and development. The basis of character education should be applied from childhood or what psychologists call the golden age, because this age has been proven to greatly determine a child’s ability to develop his potential. About 50% of the variability of adult intelligence occurs when the child is 4 year. The next 30% increase occurs at the age of 8 years, and the remaining 20% in the middle or late second decade. From here, character education should start from within the family which is the first environment for the growth of children’s character.

Background: Near misses are the most crucial and valuable elements in the prevention of potentially unintentional harm in patients service provision. Reporting incidents is an essential component in inculcating patient safety culture. In developed countries medical services are now focused on vigilance on such near misses. This paradigm shift of medical service provision paved the way for patient safety domain in medical service design. Patient safety has now become one of the six constituents of service quality. Continuous vigilance for possible near misses will disclose them beforehand. This will avoid triggering the chain reaction that bring about disastrous patient outcomes. Favorability of existing practices and knowledge on near misses are two key determinants of the successful safety culture initiatives. Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study carried out at the Colombo South Teaching Hospital. A stratified sample of medical officers was selected out of those involved in the patient care services. Stratification was done according to the service categories such as specialist grade, grade medical officers and intern officers. Most reason salary sheet used as the sampling frame to select medical officers randomly from each stream. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used, as the study instrument. The questionnaire contained two main sections as knowledge and practices. Data analysis done using PSSP software. Results: Over all response rate was 90%. Over 94% of respondents had satisfactory or good level of knowledge. 88% did not report near misses. Overall, a considerable percentage (n=168 ,53%) had poor level of practices. Only 5.9% (n=19) had good level of practices. In the specialist grade medical officers 41.1% had poor practices despite none of the specialists having a poor knowledge. Highest level of poor practices (n=128,70.8%) was seen in grade II medical officers. Conclusions: The study reveals that majority of medical officers at CSTH have a satisfactory knowledge on the near misses as predecessors of the of patient harm. continuous engagement in near misses’ surveillance in an organization is an integral component in a patient safety culture. However, the practices are not satisfactory in a majority.

There is a well-known statement by A. Einstein that there are two ways to live this life. The first, to consider that miracles do not happen, the other, to consider that everything around is a miracle. These words can be paraphrased in relation to mathematics. There are two ways of thinking: some believe that mathematics is necessary in all spheres of human activity and that it teaches the brain to think logically, thereby helping to put both human thoughts and activities in order. Others, on the contrary, believe that mathematics is out of date and that high-tech machines are gradually taking its place. Which one is right? The article attempts to reflect on this topic.

Beekeeping in Uttarakhand is one of the oldest traditional practices followed both for the commercial purpose as well as the domestic use. It is an important supplementary income generating activity in the state. According to the experts, there is a need to adopt modern beekeeping practices by the traditional beekeepers in the state, especially in the areas like bee management, better extraction, honey storage and quality control. Honey bee farming is now a days becoming more popular due to its market demand in national as well as the international market. The farmers not only obtain economic benefits but beekeeping also helps the farmers increase the agricultural productivity through pollination. Uttarakhand has huge potential for beekeeping due to plenty of flora and suitability of climate but the farmers still depend on the traditional practices resulting in the low yield of honey produce both in terms of quality and quantity. Hence, there is a huge scope of adoption of advanced scientific practices in the state of Uttarakhand that can add to the farmers income in the state. ”Mountain farmers in Uttarakhand are facing extreme difficulties in meeting their basic needs because of meager opportunities to engage youth in respectable employment. The paper suggests that the Uttarakhand has tremendous scope for commercial beekeeping and use of bee for pollination of diversity agri-horticultural crops and wild flora. Also, the paper emphasizes on the constraints for beekeeping development and strategies for organic honey production in Mountain hill of Uttarakhand.

The study was a descriptive survey carried out to find the effect of parental child-rearing style on school attendance of Junior High School students in the Sefwi Wiawso Municipality. A sample of 340 students reported on their parents’ parenting style using Parental Authority Questionnaire. A record of school attendance was taken from students’ school attendance registers from sampled schools. Multiple Regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of parenting style school attendance. The result showed that authoritarian parenting style predicted negatively with school attendance. Also, the authoritative parenting style has a positive prediction for school attendance. Implications, limitations, and future research opportunities are discussed. Parenting style played an important role in influencing the level of a child’s school attendance.

This research was conducted to identify errors committed by students in solving word problems, determine their possible causes and propose corrective measures for classroom teaching. The analysis was centered on the five errors adopted from Newman’s Error Analysis Guide namely: reading, comprehension, transformation, process, and encoding. The study used a mixed-method research design. In collecting errors, the students were given a series of test questions. The results of the tests were compared and the specific error patterns along with the probable sources were descriptively investigated. Two weeks after the test, students were interviewed to identify their misconceptions and their reasoning. In the interview process, students were asked to explain their thinking while they were doing the same problems again. Some prompting questions were asked to facilitate this process and to clarify more about students’ claims. The data gathered were treated statistically using frequency count, mean percentage, and test concerning two means. Findings reveal that some of the common errors were seen to be persistent and the sources from which they derive were not consistent. Thus, the students’ errors occurred in varied ways in problem-solving situations. Analysis of error patterns led to the conclusion that the students have difficulty on algebraic symbolism and analysis of the problem. Their inability to deduce the correct meaning of mathematical statements further create a chain of errors on succeeding steps required of a mathematical word problem. The conclusions drawn from this investigation strongly justify the needs to recognize and to develop critical and analytical thinking of the students. That is, students must be expose in solving non-routine problems in order to provide them an opportunity to develop higher-order thinking in the process of understanding, analysis, exploration, and application of mathematical concepts.

Eco-immunological studies on feral organisms can throw insights into how host–pathogen dynamics fluctuate with selective pressure from human interventions and other natural infestations. Feral colonies are more susceptible to pathogen attack than the managed bees, in the absence of disease treatments. During the study tried to investigate the role of pathogen infections [Deformed wing virus (DWV) and Nosema ceranae] and gene expression of immune members (defensin-1, hymenoptaecin, pgrp-lc, pgrp-s2 and argonaute- 2) in the survival of feral bee colonies across seasons (winter and summer). We surveyed a total of 90 feral colonies over a 3-year period (2018–2021), measuring the pathogen levels and immune gene expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our results confirmed of the positive upregulation of the immune gene members in winters where pathogen loads are found to be more. Higher pathogen levels seem to be associated with increased immune gene expression across all the species in the study. There was no significant effect seen among species, but significant effect was seen across the seasons (p < 0.05). Our results could help in suggesting the possible indicator genes to assess the overall health of honey bee colonies and provide evidence for the role of feralization in how they cope up with pathogen landscapes.

The objective of our study was to screen the extent of genetic variability and phylogenetic relations among the three kinds of honey bee species from Bengaluru at different habitats. The Asian honey bee species i.e., Apis cerana indica, Apis dorsata and Apis florea collected from Bengaluru were studied by using partial sequences from two mitochondrial genes (i) the Cytochrome c oxidase-I (COI) and (ii) the mitochondrial encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5 (NADH5). We then compared their sequences with already submitted sequences from national centre for biotechnology information (NCBI) to deduce the genetic variations among the species. We also studied the rate of mutations across the species by polymorphism studies. The amplified sequences were analysed for evolutionary genetic analysis using neighbor-joining method and Kimura 2-parameter model. Our study confirmed that, there was less genetic variability in A.florea species which might be due to its selective pressures. A.cerana indica on the other hand was found to consists of more mutations. Throughout our study we found bees within the residential areas showed significant mutation rates than the other habitats which was seen among all the three bee species. Though the significant effect was not remarkable, but still this variability could answer many of the genetic problems of existing and evolving in harsh conditions.

Self-Directed Learning (SDL) is a process in which the learner takes self-initiation for assessing own learning needs and work accordingly with the help of available resources for achievement of required learning, The objective of this study is to identify the readiness for self-directed learning among the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among BSN students of Yeti Health Science Academy and Kantipur Academy of Health Science, Kathmandu, Nepal. Complete enumerative sampling technique was used in this study where 107 students were involved. Questionnaire method with SDL scale was used for data collection. Most of the respondents 74(69.2%) had high level of readiness for self-directed learning and 33(30.8%) of respondents had low level of readiness for self-directed learning. The association between academic year with the level of readiness for self-directed learning were statistically significant (p=0.045) whereas the association between other variables (age, ethnicity, religion, marital status, family type and residence) with the level of readiness for self-directed learning were statistically insignificant (p>0.05).It is concluded that depending upon the academic year, seniors are more ready towards self-directed learning than junior nursing students.

This article mainly focuses on the application of Yao Panwang Festival elements on interactive packaging design for local products, discusses the interactive packaging as a carrier to convey the festival cultural spirit. The methods ABM: Analysis(festival contents)-Build relationship (traditional vs modern)-Media(interactive package,toy,emoji,etc.). This article builds the "Interactive Packaging Design Analysis Table" to explore and evaluate. The interactive packaging features are expressed through three parts: packaging structure, Packaging visual information and function extension. This research helps to improve the cultural and tourism experience, promote economic development and reduce environmental pressure.

We do research about the impact of belief, attitude and subjective norm on OCOP (one community one product) products purchase intention of Vietnamese consumers. OCOP (abbreviated in English as One commune one product). In Vietnamese sense, each commune (ward) has a product. More specifically, developing the form of organization of production and trading of traditional and advantageous products in rural areas. Through testing with the fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM), we found that belief, attitude and social influence have positive impacts on the products purchase intention. Specifically, belief has the greatest impact on OCOP purchase intention of Vietnamese consumers.

The growth and development of the organ system at different ages of the human body is of particular importance. Differences in morphological and physiological indicators of the organism are noticeable, especially in the early school years, when the growth rate is significantly higher. The study of some morphologically important physical development indicators of young school-age children, the study of health indicators is of great importance. This article provides a statistical analysis of some anthropometric indicators of primary school girls of secondary school. Based on the results, appropriate suggestions and conclusions are made.

This study aims to determine the effect of exercise R 30 and R 40 on increasing VO2 Max badminton players PB Jaya Raya Satria. This study uses an experimental method with a "two groups pre-test-post-test design" design. The population in this study were PB badminton players. Jaya Raya Satria, totaling 18 people. Sampling in this study was done by random sampling, totaling 16 male athletes. The instrument used is a multistage fitness test. This test has a validity of 0.72 and a reliability of 0.81. Data analysis used t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that (1) There was a significant effect of R 30 training on increasing VO2 Max of badminton players PB Jaya Raya Satria, with a t-count value of 8.571 > t-table 2.365, and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. (2) There is a significant effect of R 40 training on increasing VO2 Max of badminton players PB Jaya Raya Satria, with a t-count value of 5.835 > t-table 2.365, and a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05. (3) There is no significant difference between exercise R 30 and R 40 on the increase in VO2 Max of badminton players PB Jaya Raya Satria, with a t-count value of 0.041 < t table = 2.145 and sig, 0.968 > 0.05.